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"With autobiography, theology, and a little comedy, Two Billion Caliphs describes what Islam is, where it comes from, and what it could be"--

Muslims --- Islam --- Essence, genius, nature

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This book is the first socio-intellectual history of the Dharma Drum Lineage of Chan (Zen), a new form of Buddhism founded by the late Chinese Buddhist cleric, Sheng Yen (1931-2009)-arguably one of the most influential Chan masters in contemporary times. The received academic and popular image of Chan Buddhism is that it is a meditation school that bypasses scriptural learning to direct awakening. Sheng Yen's Chan teachings complicates this image. The heart of the book centers on his doctrinal classification (Chn. panjiao) chart written in 1998 in preparation for a dialogue with the Dalai Lama. This chart synthesizes both major strands of Madhyamaka and Yogācāra Indian Buddhism as well as premodern Chinese Tiantai and Huayan Buddhism. It also and presents Chan as the summum bonum of Han Chinese Buddhism. The author presents a historical and culturally embodied approach to the formation of Buddhist doctrine and practice, showing how Sheng Yen's understanding of Chan was intimately related to the volatile social and political realities of his life-the Communist takeover of China and the subsequent industrial boom that impacted Taiwanese society. Drawing on the works of postcolonial theories that integrate the role of the researcher into the research, the book also offers a more integrated approach between emic and etic, insider and outsider perspectives to research. Advancing the field of Buddhist studies, the book will be of interest to scholars of Buddhism in the modern period, twentieth-century religious history of China and Taiwan, Chan/Zen studies, World Religions, Asian civilizations, and Modern Biographies.

Zen Buddhism --- Zen Buddhism --- Buddhist monks --- Essence, genius, nature --- Shengyan,

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"Im Jahr 1973 wurde Johann Baptist Metz von der Gemeinsamen Synode der Bistümer Deutschlands (Würzburg 1971-1975) eingeladen, einen grundlegenden Entwurf für 'ein Bekenntnis zum Glauben in dieser Zeit' als 'Präambel' der Synodenarbeit zu erarbeiten. Mit dem 1975 unter großer Zustimmung beschlossenen Bekenntnistext hat sich Metz viele Jahre in Münster und zuletzt auch im Rahmen einer Gastprofessur in Wien (1994-1996) in Vorlesungen befasst, er hat ihn erläutert und weiterführend ausgedeutet. Das Credo der Christen bildete das 'Herzstück' seiner Vorlesungstätigkeit als Rechenschaft über die tröstende und herausfordernde Kraft der christlichen Hoffnung. In diesem Doppelband werden die bisher unveröffentlichten Vorlesungen als Zusammenführung aus vielen Vorlesungsmitschriften erstmals publiziert und zugänglich gemacht. Sie zeigen das bis heute hochaktuelle Ringen um das Subjektwerden der Christen und den praktischen Anspruch der 'Nachfolge' in einer neuen Praxis, verbunden mit der Kritik an einem 'bürgerlichen Christentum.'" --

Christianity --- Faith --- Essence, genius, nature --- Catholic Church --- Catholic Church. --- Catholic Church --- Doctrines --- History --- History

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In this book, David Patterson offers original insights into the dynamics that underlie the phenomenon of endemic antisemitism, arguing that in all its manifestations, antisemitism is fundamentally anti-Judaism. Structured in a unique matrix of chapters that are linked historically and theoretically, his book elucidates the interconnections that tie antisemitism with the Holocaust, as well as the Judaism that the Nazis sought to obliterate from the world. As Patterson demonstrates this is an ongoing effort and is the basis of today's antisemitism. Spelling out the historical, theological, and philosophical viewpoints that led to the Holocaust and that are with us even now, he offers insights into the basis of the hatred of Jews that permeates much of today's world. Patterson here addresses the 'big questions' that define our humanity. His volume is written for those who wish to have a deeper understanding of both the history and the current manifestations of Antisemitism.

Antisemitism. --- Antisemitism --- Holocaust (Jewish theology) --- Historiography. --- Good and evil --- Theodicy --- Anti-Jewish attitudes --- Anti-Semitism --- Ethnic relations --- Prejudices --- Philosemitism --- Religious aspects --- Judaism --- Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) --- History --- Essence, genius, nature.